ὑγρὰ κέλευθα

ὑγρός, ά, όν: [comp] Comp.

A

ὑγρότερος Pl.Tht. 162b

, etc.: [comp] Sup.

- ότατος X.Eq.7.7

, etc.:—wet, moist, fluid (opp. ξηρός) , ὑγρὸν ἔλαιον, i. e. olive-oil, opp. fat or tallow, Il.23.281, Od.6.79; ὑ. πίσσα, νᾶπυ, raw pitch, liquid mustard, SIG1171.14 (Lebena, i B. C.), IG42(1).126.22 (Epid., ii A. D.); τὸ ὑ. ξύλον, opp. τὸ ξηρόν, Ev.Luc.23.31;

ὑγρὸν ὕδωρ Od.4.458

; ἄνεμοι ὑγρὸν ἀέντες winds blowing moist or rainy, 5.478, 19.440, Hes.Op. 625, Th. 869; ὑ. ἅλς, πέλαγος, θάλασσα, Pi.O. 7.69. P.4.40, A.Supp. 259; ὑγρὰ νύξ a wet night, Pl.Criti. 112a; ἐφ' ὑγροῖς ζωγραφεῖν paint on a wet ground, Plu.2.759c.

2 ὑγρά, [dialect] Ion. ὑγρή, ἡ, the moist, i.e. the sea,

ἐπὶ τραφερήν τε καὶ ὑγρήν Il.14.308

;

ἠμὲν ἐφ' ὑγρὴν ἠδ' ἐπ' ἀπείρονα γαῖαν 24.341

, Od.1.97;

ἐφ' ὑγρᾷ Ar.V. 678

;

πουλὺν ἐφ' ὑγρήν Il.10.27

; so ὑγρὰ κέλευθα the watery ways, i. e. the sea, 1.312, Od.3.71.

3 τὸ ὑ. and

τὰ ὑ.

wet, moisture,

Hdt. 1.142

, Hp.Loc.Hom.9, Liqu. tit.; Liquid, Hdt.4.172;

γῆ ὑγρῷ φυραθεῖσα Pl.Tht. 147c

; ἐξερρύα συχνὸν ὑγρόν a quantity of fluid, IG42(1).122.4 (Epid., iv B. C.); μετρεῖν τὰ ὑγρά liquids, ib.22.1013.10;

ἐπὶ ὑγροῖς οὐκ ἐξὸν δανείζειν PGnom. 232

(ii A. D.).

4 μέτρα ὑγρὰ καὶ ξηρά liquid and dry measure, Pl.Lg. 746e.

5 θῆρες ὑ. water-animals, opp. πεζοί, AP9.18 (Germ.);

οἱ ὄρνιθες οἱ ὑ. Philostr. Im.1.9

; ὑ. ἀοιδός, of a frog, AP6.43 ([place name] Plato).

6 of the bowels or faeces, loose, Hp.Aph.2.20, Arist.HA 617a1.

7 ὑ. σφυγμός a damp pulse, defined by Gal.19.405.

II soft, pliant, supple, of the eagle's back, Pi.P.1.9; of the limbs and body,

ὑγραῖς ἐν ἀγκάλαις E. Fr. 941

, cf. Babr.34.7; ὑγρὸς τὸ εἶδος, of Ἔρως, Pl.Smp. 196a; νεώτερος καὶ ὑγρότερος, opp. σκληρός, Id.Tht. 162b;

χορῷ.. ἔτερπον κέαρ ὑγροῖσι ποσσί B.16.108

;

ὑ. ὀρχηστής Poll.4.96

, cf. Arist.PA 655a24 ([comp] Comp.); ὑγρὰ ἔχειν τὰ σκέλη, of a horse, X.Eq.1.6; of a horse's neck, Id.Cyn.4.1 (so in Adv. of colts, γόνατα ὑγρῶς κάμπτειν, ὑγρῶς τοῖς σκέλεσι χρῆσθαι, Id.Eq.1.6, 10.15); of the hare, Id.Cyn.5.31; of the jackal,

ταχυτῆτι διαφέρει διὰ τὸ ὑγρὸς εἶναι καὶ πηδᾷ πόρρω Arist. HA 580a30

; also of plants,

ὑ. ἄκανθος Theoc.1.55

;

ὑ. χολάδες Babr. 1.10

; σῶμα ὑγρὸν κείμενον lying in an easy position, Hp.Prog.3;

ὑγρὸν χύτλασον σεαυτόν Ar.V. 1213

; κέρας ὑ., of a bow, Theoc.25.206.

2 languid, feeble, of one dying,

ἐς ὑγρὸν ἀγκῶνα.. παρθένῳ προσπτύσσεται S.Ant. 1236

;

κἀπιθεὶς ὑγρὰν χέρα E.Ph. 1439

.

3 of substance, flaccid, flabby,

σάρκες Arist.HA 598a9

, 603b32, al.

b tender,

νεοττοί Ael.NA7.9

;

βρέφος Nonn.D.1.4

.

4 moist with wine, tipsy,

ὑγρὴν τὴν ψυχὴν ἔχειν Heraclit.117

;

ἡ διάνοια ὑ. γεγενημένη Plu. 2.713a

;

οἰνοβαρὴς.. ὑγρὸν ἀείδων, οὐ μάλα νγφάλιον κλάζων μέλος Opp. H.2.412

.

5 of the eyes, melting, languishing,

ὑ. βλέμμα Anacreont. 15.21

;

ὑγρὰ δερκομένοισιν ἐν ὄμμασιν AP7.27

(Antip. Sid.);

ἐπ' ὄμμασιν ὑγρὰ δεδορκώς APl.4.306

(Leon.);

τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν τὸ ὑ. ἅμα τῷ φαιδρῷ Luc.Im.6

; also πόθος ὑ. a languishing, longing desire, h.Pan.33. Adv.,

ὑγρῶς βλέπειν Philostr.Ep.33

: [comp] Sup.,

ὑγρότατα καὶ πένθιμα μελῳδεῖν App.BC1.106

.

6 of language, smoothly flowing, D.H.Dem. 20.

7 metaph. of persons or their tempers, facile, pliant, easy,

ὑγρός τις καὶ δημοτικός Plu.Mar.28

;

κόλαξ ὑγρὸς ὢν μεταβάλλεσθαι Id.2.51c

; τὸ Κίμωνος ὑ. his easy temper, Id.Per.5; pleasure-loving, Hsch.; ὑγρότατος ἐς ταῦτα prone to.., App.BC5.8;

ὑ. τῷ γελοίῳ Plu. Brut.29

([comp] Comp.).

b soft, dainty, luxurious, voluptuous, Id.2.751a;

ὑ. πρὸς τὴν δίαιταν Id.Sol.3

;

βίου.., ὃν πάντες εἰώθασιν ὀνομάζειν ὑγρόν Alex.203

; cf.

ὑγρότης 11.2

.

8 of the vowels α ι υ, sometimes long and sometimes short, S.E.M.1.100.

b of στοιχεῖα, liquid (viz. λ μ ν ρ), D.T.632.9, Heph.1.3, al.

III Adv. ὑγρῶς, v. supr. 11.1 and 5; also ὑγρότερον δαπανᾶν spend more freely, Phld. Oec.p.73J.

πλέω, [dialect] Ep. [full] πλείω Od.15.34, 16.368: [dialect] Ep. [tense] impf.

A

ἀπ-έπλειον 8.501

: also [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion. [full] πλώω (v. infr.): [dialect] Att. [var] contr. imper.

πλεῖ E.Tr. 102

(anap.): [tense] fut.

πλεύσομαι Od.12.25

, Il.11.22 ([etym.] ἀνα-), Hdt.2.29, Th.6.104, etc.; later

πλευσοῦμαι SIG402.27

(Chios, iii B. C.), found in codd. of Th.1.143, 8.1, ([etym.] ἐπες-) Id.4.13, ([etym.] συνεκ-) Lys.13.25, ([etym.] ἀπο-) Pl.Hp.Ma. 370d, 371b, ([etym.] συμ-) Isoc.17.19, etc.; [dialect] Dor.

πλευσοῦμαι Theoc.14.55

; but [ per.] 3pl.

πλεύσονται GDI5120

B11,13 (Crete, iii B. C.);

πλεύσω Philem. 116

(S.V.l.), Plb.2.12.3, AP11.162 (Nicarch.), 245 (Lucill.), OGI572.30 (Lycia, ii/iii A.D.), etc.: [tense] aor. 1

ἔπλευσα A.Ag. 691

(lyr.), etc.: [tense] pf.

πέπλευκα S.Ph. 404

, etc.:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut. πλευσθήσομαι ([etym.] περι-) Arr.An.5.26.2: [tense] aor. ἐπλεύσθην ib.6.28.6, Babr.71.3: [tense] pf.

πέπλευσμαι X.Cyr.6.1.16

, D.56.12: Hom. uses only [tense] pres., [tense] impf., and [tense] fut. πλεύσομαι (v. supr.).—Of the [dialect] Ion. [full] πλώω, Hom. uses opt.

πλώοιεν Od.5.240

, part. ἐπι-πλώων ib. 284,

πλώων h.Hom.22.7

: [tense] impf.

πλῶον Il.21.302

; also shortd. [tense] aor. ἔπλων, ως, ω, part. πλώς, in the compds. ἀπ-έπλω, ἐπ-έπλως, part. ἐπιπλώς, παρέπλω; and Hes. has ἐπ-έπλων; the [tense] pres., [tense] impf., and [tense] fut. forms occur as vv.ll. in Hdt., inf.

πλώειν 4.156

, part.

πλωούσας 8.10

,22,42: [tense] impf. ἔπλωον ib.41; Iterat.

πλώεσκον Q.S.14.656

: [tense] fut. πλώσομαι ([etym.] ἀπο-) Hdt.8.5 (

πλώσω Lyc.1044

); but the [tense] aor. 1 forms are read in Hdt.,

ἔπλωσα 4.148

; inf.

πλῶσαι 1.24

; part.

πλώσας 4.156

, 8.49 (also once in Hom. in compd.

ἐπι-πλώσας Il. 3.47

): [tense] pf.

παρα-πέπλωκα Hdt.4.99

; πέπλωκα occurs E.Hel. 532, Ar. Th. 878 (paratrag.).—Only εε and εει are contracted in [dialect] Att. ( πλέει is f.l. in Th.4.28, and πλέετε v.l. in X.An.7.6.37). [Hom. uses πλέων as monosyll.,

πλέων ἐπὶ οἴνοπα πόντον Od.1.183

]:—sail, go by sea,

Λακεδαίμονος ἐξ ἐρατεινῆς Il.3.444

;

Ἰλιόθεν 14.251

;

ἐπὶ Κέρκυραν Th. 1.53

;

εὐθὺ Λέσβου X.HG1.2.11

; π. ἐπὶ [σῖτον] to fetch it, Id.Oec.20.27;

ἐπί τι IG12.105.9

; μετὰ [νάκος] Pi.P.4.69;

εἰς Ἐρέτριαν ἐπ' ἄνδρας Pl. Mx. 240b

; more fully,

ἐνὶ πόντῳ νηῒ θοῇ πλείοντες Od.16.368

;

νηῒ.. πλέων ἐπὶ οἴνοπα πόντον Il.7.88

;

πλέεν.. ποντοπορεύων Od.5.278

;

ἐν τῇ νηΐ Pl.R. 341d

; ἐν τῇ θαλάττῃ ib. 346b;

ἐπλέομεν βορέῃ ἀνέμῳ Od.14.253

;

αὔρᾳ A.Ag. 691

(lyr.): c. acc. cogn., πλεῖθ' ὑγρὰ κέλευθα sail the watery ways, Od.3.71;

πλεῖν τὴν θάλατταν And.1.137

, Lys.6.19, Isoc.8.20, Antiph.100:—[voice] Pass., τὸ πεπλευσμένον [πέλαγος] X.Cyr.6.1.16, cf. Babr.71.3;

πλεῖται ἡ θάλασσα Muson.Fr.18

B p.104 H.; also

π. στόλον τόνδε S.Ph. 1038

;

τοῦ πλοῦ τοῦ πεπλευσμένου D. 56.12

: metaph., πλεῖν ὑφειμένῃ δοκεῖ, cf.

ὑφίημι 111

: prov.,

ὁ μὴ πεπλευκὼς οὐδὲν ἑόρακεν κακόν Posidipp.22

; ἐπὶ γῆς μὴ πλεῖν when on land do not be at sea, i.e. avoid the hazards of tax-farming, etc., Pythag. ap. Clem.Al.Strom.5.5.28.

II of ships, Il.9.360;

νέας ἄμεινον πλεούσας Hdt.8.10

, etc.;

ὑπὸ τριήρους.. εὖ πλεούσης ἐπεδιώκοντο Th.7.23

;

ἡ ναῦς ἄριστά μοι ἔπλει Lys.21.6

;

ἔφευγε ταῖς ναυσὶν εὖ πλεούσαις X.HG1.6.16

;

τριήρης ταχὺ π. Id.Oec.8.8

.

2 of other things, swim, float,

τεύχεα καλὰ.. πλῶον καὶ νέκυες Il.21.302

;

δένδρεα.., τά οἱ πλώοιεν ἐλαφρῶς Od.5.240

; [

νῆσος] πλέουσα Hdt.2.156

.

3 to be conveyed by sea, [

σκῦλα] πλέοντα Th.3.114

.

4 metaph., ταύτης ἔπι πλέοντες ὀρθῆς while [the ship of] our country bearing us is on an even keel, S.Ant. 190; οὐδ' ὅπως ὀρθὴ πλεύσεται (sc. ἡ πόλις)

προείδετο D.19.250

;

πάντα ἡμῖν κατ' ὀρθὸν πλεῖ Pl.Lg. 813d

;

θεοῦ θέλοντος κἂν ἐπὶ ῥιπὸς πλέοις E.Fr. 397

; also

κέρδους ἕκατι κἂν ἐπὶ ῥιπὸς πλέοι Ar. Pax 699

. (With πλε (ϝ) -, πλευ- cf. Skt. plávate 'float', 'swim', Lat. pluit; with πλω- cf. Goth. flōdus 'river', 'flood', OE. flćwan 'flow'.)

ἐπιπλέω, [dialect] Ion. [suff] ἐπιπλεκ-πλώω (both in Hom.), [tense] fut.

A

- πλεύσομαι Th.3.16

: [tense] aor. 1 - έπλευσα ib.80, [dialect] Ion.

- έπλωσα Hdt.1.70

: [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 2sg. [tense] aor. 2 ἐπέπλως, part. ἐπιπλώς, but (Il.3.47) ἐπιπλώσας:— sail upon or over, ἐπέπλεον

ὑγρὰ κέλευθα Il.1.312

, Od.4.842;

πόντον ἐπιπλώων 5.284

; πόντον

ἐπέπλως 3.15

;

ἐπιπλὼς εὐρέα πόντον Il.6.291

; ἐπιπλεῖν ἁλμυρὸν

ὕδωρ Od.9.227

, etc.

Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `sea, high sea' (ep. Il.), often in PN, e.g. ὁ Εὔξεινος πόντος `the Black Sea', for which also (ὁ) Πόντος (IA.), also as name of the south coast of the Black Sea and a state there (App. a.o.).

Compounds: Compp., e.g. ποντο-πόρος `crossing the sea' (ep.Il.) with ποντοπορ-έω, - εύω `to cross the sea' (Od.; on the formation Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 62, 95 a. 368, Sommer Sybaris 146ff.); on Έλλήσποντος s. v.

Derivatives: 1. πόντ-ιος `belonging to the sea' (h. Hom., Pi.), f. - ιάς (Pi.); 2. - ικός `from Pontos' (IA.; Chantraine Études 109 f., 122); 3. - ίλος m. name of a mollusc (Arist.; s. ναυτ-ίλος); 4. - εύς m. name of a Phaeacian (θ 113; Bosshardt 100); 5. ποντ-ίζω (A., S.), sonst κατα- πόντος (Att., N. T.) `to sink in the sea' with ποντίσματα pl. n. `oblations sunk in the sea' (E.), καταποντ-ισμός m. `the drowning' (Isoc., LXX), - ιστής m. `one who throws in to the sea, lets drown' (Att.); 6. κατα-ποντ-όω `id.' (IA.); ποντ-όομαι `to form a sea' (Q.S.), - όω = - ίζω (Nic. Dam.) with - ωσις f. (Tz.).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [808] * pont-eh₁-, *pn̥t-h₁- `path'

Etymology: As against the ο-stm in πόντος stand diff. formations in other languages in diff. meanings: in Indo-Iran. an ablauting pant(h)ā- (e.g. nom. sg. Skt. pánthā-ḥ, Av. pantā̊): path(i)- (e.g. instr. sg. path-ā́, paʮ-a, pl. pathí-bhiḥ, padǝ-bīš) m. `road, path'; in other languages a fullgrade i-stem: Arm. hun, gen. hn-i `ford', Lat. pons, gen. pl. ponti-um m. `bridge, passage', OCS pǫtь m. `road'. Both these widespread i-flexion and the Greek o-flexion have arisen from an older, in Indo-Iran. still living, rather complicated paradigm ( pont-eh₁-, pn̥t-h₁-). A deriv. of the in Skt. path-ā́ etc. appearing zerograde (IE *pn̥th₁-) is found in πάτος `road, path' (and in OPr. pintis `road'); s. on πατέω. Details on the morphology w. rich lit. in WP. 2, 26f., Pok. 808f., Mayrhofer s. pánthāḥ, W.-Hofmann s. pons, Vasmer s. putь. -- As orig. meaning. must be assumed `unpaved road, leading through country, water etc.'; cf. Benveniste Word 10, 256 f.; so πόντος prop. "fairway" (cf. ὑγρὰ κέλευθα) referring to a for a seefaring nation primary function of the sea. Cf. on θάλασσα, πέλαγος.

Page in Frisk: 2,578-579

κέλευθος, ἡ, with poet.heterocl.pl. κέλευθα; poet. Noun (also Arc., IG5(2).3.23 (Tegea, iv B.C.)),

A road, path, not common in lit. sense,

πολλαὶ γὰρ ἀνὰ στρατόν εἰσι κέλευθοι Il.10.66

;

Ἰσθμία κ. B.17.17

; ἐν κελεύθοις in the streets, A.Ch. 349 (lyr.);

ἐγγὺς γὰρ νυκτός τε καὶ ἤματός εἰσι κέλευθοι Od.10.86

, cf. Parm.1.11; ἀνέμων κέλευθα or κέλευθοι, Il. 14.17, Od.5.383, etc.; ὑγρὰ, ἰχθυόεντα κ., of the sea, 3.71, 177; ἁλὸς βαθεῖαν (vel - είας)

κ. Pi.P.5.88

; ἄρκτου στροφάδες κ. paths, orbits, S. Tr. 131 (lyr.), cf. E.Hel. 343 (lyr.); θεῶν δ' ἀπόεικε κελεύθου withdraw from the path of the gods, Il.3.406 (v.l. ἀπόειπε κελεύθους): metaph., ἔργων κέλευθον ἂν καθαράν on the open road of action, Pi.I.5(4).23, cf. O.6.23;

στείχει δι' εὐρείας κ. μυρία παντᾷ φάτις B.8.47

;

ἔστι μοι μυρία παντᾷ κ. Pi.I.4(3).1

, cf. B.5.31: Πειθοῦς, Δίκας κ., Parm.4.4, B.10.26.

II journey, voyage, by land or water,

ὅς κέν τοι εἴπῃσιν ὁδὸν καὶ μέτρα κελεύθου Od.4.389

; οὐκ ἄν πω χάζοντο κελεύθου would not have halted from their onward way, Il.11.504, cf. 12.262; πολλὰ κ. a far journey, i.e. a great distance, S.OC 164 (lyr.).

2 expedition, A.Ag. 127 (lyr.), Pers. 758 (troch.).

III way of going, walk, gait,

μιμήσομαι λύκου κ. E.Rh. 212

;

δι' ἀψόφου βαίνων κ. Id.Tr. 888

.

IV metaph., way of life,

ἀργαλέας βιότοιο κ. Emp.115.8

;

κ. ἁπλόαι ζωᾶς Pi.N.8.35

;

τὰν ἀνόστιμον βίου κ. E.HF 433

(lyr.).